新冠肺炎疫情初中英语相关考点(3)

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia(肺炎) or bronchitis(支气管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly(致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

　　The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath(呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.

　　通常表现为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童，病毒有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。

　　有些冠状病毒是致命的，如中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和SARS。

　　目前认为，武汉冠状病毒相较SARS和MERS更为温和，潜伏时间更长。到目前为止，患者通常在一周内出现轻微咳嗽，随后出现呼吸急促症状。目前，大约15%到20%的病例病情出现恶化情况，需要入院并接受呼吸机治疗。

　　3. 传播途径

　　How does it spread？

　　Viruses can spread from human contact(接触) with animals.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission(传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions(分泌物), such as droplets(小水滴，飞沫)in a cough.

　　Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure(暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

　　病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。

　　病毒在人与人之间传播时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。

　　根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。

　　4. 感染人群

　　Who is affected?

　　MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latest outbreak(爆发). Of the cases of Wuhan coronavirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among children. The average age is people 40 or over.

　　尽管最近的武汉冠状病毒疫情仍不确定，但MERS、SARS和武汉冠状病毒似乎在老年人中会引起更严重的症状。在迄今报道的武汉冠状病毒病例中，尚未证实有儿童感染。感染者平均年龄在40岁以上。

　　5. 冠状病毒感染的治疗

　　Coronavirus treatment

　　There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms will go away on their own(自行消失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.

　　Doctors can relieve(缓解) symptoms by prescribing(开处方)a pain or fever medication.

　　目前还没有具体的治疗方法，但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消失，但专家建议尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准感冒更严重，请看医生。

　　医生可以通过开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。

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