2024中考英语知识点：语态转换时应注意的问题

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　　语态转换时应注意的问题：

　　1） 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

　　We have bought a new computer.

　　→A new computer has been bought. (正确)

　　→A new computer have been bought. (错误)

　　2）含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

　　My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

　　→I was given a present on my birthday.

　　如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说

　　→A present was given to me yesterday.

　　3） 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。

　　The patient is being operated on.

　　The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

　　His request was turned down.

　　The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

　　4）带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

　　We always keep the classroom clean.

　　→The classroom is always kept clean.

　　She told us to follow her instructions.

　　→We were told to follow her instructions.

　　注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后必须还原to。

　　We often hear him play the guitar.

　　→He is often heard to play the guitar.

　　5）当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。

　　Nobody can answer this question.

　　误：The question can be answered by nobody.

　　正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

　　6）当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。

　　They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

　　误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

　　正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

　　7）以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首。

　　Who wrote the story?

　　误：Who was the story written?

　　正：By whom was the story written?

　　8）有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

　　The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。

　　The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

　　The books sell well. 这些书销量很好。

　　9）下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。

　　①感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound。

　　— Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it feels very soft.

　　②不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

　　When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

　　After the earthquake, few houses remained.

　　③宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。

　　I taught myself English.

　　误：Myself was taught English.

　　We love each other.

　　误：Each other is loved.

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