2024年初一英语主要时态系列：一般现在时

一般现在时有两层意思：(其一)就是表示经常性和习惯性的动作或状态;(其二)表示客观事实、自然现象。

一、一般现在时有三种形式

1. 谓语是be(am/is/are)的一般现在时。

①肯定形式：主语+be+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。

I am hungry.

You are beautiful.

He is a doctor.

②否定形式：主语+be+not+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。

I am not hungry.

You aren't beautiful.

He isn't a doctor.

③一般疑问句形式：Be+主语+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be+not.

—Are you hungry?

—Yes，I am./No,I'm not.

—Is he a doctor?

—Yes, he is./No, he isn,t.

④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?

—What is he?

—He is a doctor.

注意：be要随着主语变。

2. 谓语动词是实义动词(及物动词或不及物动词)的一般现在时。

①肯定形式：“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。

She has a little brother.

她有一个弟弟。

The sun rises in the east.

太阳从东方升起。

②否定形式：“主语+don't/doesn't+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+don't/doesn't+不及物动词”。

She doesn't have a little brother.

她没有弟弟。

I don't eat every morning.

我每天早晨都不吃饭。

③一般疑问句形式：“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。

肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't.

—Do you eat every morning?

—Yes, I do./No, I don't.

—Does she have a little brother?

—Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句?

What do you like?

When do you go to school?

注意：根据主语确定用do还是does。

3. 谓语是情态动词can/may...+动词原形的一般现在时。

①肯定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.....+动词原形+宾语。

I can finish my homework.

②否定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.....+not+动词原形+宾语。

I can't finish my homework.

③一般疑问句形式：情态动词Can/May.....+主语+动词原形+主语+宾语。

肯定回答是：Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.

—Can you finish your homework?

—Yes，I can./No, I can't.

④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may.....开头的一般疑问句?

—What can you do?

—I can do my homework.

注意：情态动词can/may.....+动词原形。

二、一般现在时的用法

1. 一般现在时表示现在的状态 ;表示经常性或习惯性的动作;表示主语具备的性格和能力;表示客观事实或普遍真理等。例如：

He is twelve.

他十二岁了。

I go to school at seven every day.

我每天七点去上学。

They can speak Japanese.

他们会说日语。

2. 一般现在时常和表示时间的频度副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。例如：

I often read books in the evening.

我经常在晚上读书。

Do they usually go to school by bike?

他们通常骑自行车去上学吗?

He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.

他不喜欢牛奶。他从来不喝它。

Sometimes my mother gets back at five.

有时候妈妈五点钟回来。

3. 一般现在时也常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。例如：

Do they have math in the morning?

他们早上有数学课吗?

She sleeps nine hours every night.

她每晚睡九个小时。

It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.

每天写作业花费我两个小时的时间。

They don’t have classes on Sundays.

他们周日不上课。

4. 一般现在时表示将来含义

a. 下列瞬时动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

----When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开?

----It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。

b. 在主从复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作，即所谓的“主将从现”。

例如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。

三、动词第三人称单数的构成

1. 动词原形后面直接加-s

look—looks

read—reads

play—plays

stop—stops

2. 在以字母s, x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词后加-es

miss—misses

fix—fixes

watch—watches

wash—washes

go—goes

do—does

3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-es

carry–carries

study–studies

hurry–hurries

cry–cries

4. 特殊变化

have-has

be-is

四、练习题

1、用词的适当形式填空。

1. Miss Guo ______(teach) us Chinese this term.She ______(be) a very good teacher. She often ______(talk) with us after class. Many of us like ______(talk) with her.

2. Where ______their father______(work)?He ______(work) on a farm.

3. What time ______the shop ______(close)?It _____(close) at nine o'clock in the evening.

4. He ______(go) to school by bus every day.

5. Tom can not walk fast because he ______ (carry) a heavy box.

2、句型转换：

1. I like the red sofa.(变否定句)

2.She has a nice cap.(变一般疑问句，并做肯定及否定回答)

3.I am a bus driver.(变一般疑问句并做肯定回答)

4. They play football in the garden everyday.(变否定句)

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