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来源：网络资源 2023-09-26 20:18:18
定语从句的本质：定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词进行修饰
先行词：被修饰的对象
关系代词：指代先行词并起到连接主句和从句的作用
I don’t like people who are lazy.
I don’t like people是主句
who are lazy 是定语从句
一、关系代词的用法：
先行词指人，用who/whom
who/whom的区别：
who在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语，whom不能作主语，只能作宾语、表语
who之前不能加介词(who=with/with whom)
A rich person is not one who has the most , but is one who needs the least.
A rich person is not one who has the most , but is one whom needs the least.(×)
表示所属关系，用whose
whose 后面要接名词，whose 的先行词可以是人也可是物
“whose+名词”在句中可以作主语，也可以做动词宾语、介词宾语(宾语：主语动作的作用对象)
It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.(动词宾语)
先行词指物，用that/which
which可以指代单个名词或代词，或者句子
Anger is a wind which blows out the lamb of the mind.
It’s human to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not.
Tom was late, which surprised me.
that既可指人也可指物，that前不能加介词
当先行词前既有人又有物时，用that
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.
先行词是不定代词something/nothing/anything时，关系代词一般用that
先行词被any/only/all/every/no/some/much/few/little/序数词/最高级修饰时，关系代词用that
二、关系副词的用法(when/where/why)：
先行词表示时间(day/year/time/week)，用when
先行词表示地点，用where
先行词是reason等表示原因的词，用why
对于when和where，但从句缺少主语时，需换成which/that
The library which was built in the 1930’s, need to be renovated.
三、限制性和非限制性定语从句：
定语从句有限制性从句和非限制性从句之分，限制性从句出现的比较多
限制性从句：从句不能省，省去后句意不明确。
I don’t like people who are lazy.
非限制性从句：从句可以省，从句只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充、说明(that不能用在非限制性从句中)
Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.
四、that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别：
The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue. (定语从句)
The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.(同位语从句)
定语从句：对先行词进行修饰
同位语从句：对先行词进行具体的解释
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