2024年初中必备语法——定语从句

01

定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。

先行词 + 关系词(关系代词 / 关系副词)+ 从句剩余部分。

02

定语从句的关键词

引导定语从句的关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等;关系副词包括 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

03

关系代词的用法

1.关系代词的作用

(1)引导定语从句，连接主从句

(2)代替先行词

(3)在从句中担当一定的成分

2.关系代词的选择

定语从句中关系代词的选择由先行词和关系代词在从句中担当的成分决定。

The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.

(代替 the girl，作从句的主语，不可省略)

The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.

(代替 the girl，作从句的宾语，可省略)

I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.

(whose 作 hair 的定语，不可省略)

3.必须用 that 的情况

(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that。

例如：

Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.

(2)被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything 等不定代词时，只能用 that。

(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little 等词修饰时，只能用 that。

例如：

This is the only thing that was left to son.

(4)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that.

例如：

The man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car.

(5)以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that。

例如：

Who is the boy that is standing under tree?

注意：

(1)当定语从句中含有介词且放在句末 who, that, which 可省略;但介词在关系词前时，只能用“介词 +which/whom 结构。

例如：

This is the factory in which my father works.

He is the man from whom I borrowed bike.

(2)在含有介词的固定动词词组中，此介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。

例如：

This is the book which you are looking for.

(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。

例如：

The house in that she lives is very big. (错误)

The house that she lives in is very big. (正确)

04

关系副词的用法

在定语从句中，关系副词常作状语。

(1)when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。

例如：

Do you know the time when he goes home?

(2)where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

例如：

This is the place where they will travel.

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，在句中作原因状语。

例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he didn't come to school this morning.

05

定语从句中的主谓一致

在定语从句中，从句谓语动词在人称和数上要与先行词保持一致。若先行词是可名词单数或不可数名词，从句谓语动词用单数;若先行词是可数名词复数，从句谓语动词也要用复数形式。

例如：

Eric is a student who likes to play basketball in our class.

There are many students who like to play basketball in our class.

06

真题演练

1. Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _____developed mostof his thoughts in Xiuwen.

A. which

B. what

C. who

2.Mr. Brown is a teacher_____is strict with all his students.

A. which

B. who

C. where

3.The book_____I read last night was fantastic.

A. that

B. what

C. whose

D. who

4. China is getting better at making hi-tech products_____canbe bought in all parts of the world.

A. who

B. which

C. what

参考答案：

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.B

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