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来源：网络资源 2023-09-26 19:42:34
定语从句讲解
一、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子叫定语。
二、定语从句：修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。代替先行词的词叫关系代词或关系副词。
三、定语从句的构成：
先行词+ 定语从句。在定语从句中，结构是：关系代词/关系副词 + 其它。如：
She is a woman(who has a dog).
括号中who has a dog是定语从句，woman是先行词。
四、关系代词包括：
1. that代替人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如：
The skirt thatis made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.
这件由丝绸制成的衬衣非常贵，我买不起它。
This is the novelthatis written by Gao Jingming.
这是那本由高敬明写的小说。
2. who代替人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如：
I don’t know the teacher whois talking with Miss Wang.
我不知道那个正在和王老师说话的老师。
3. which代替物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如：
Do you still remember the movie which we saw last weekend?
你还记得上周我们看的那个电影吗?
4. whom代替人，在定语从句中做宾语。如：
The boy whom Ioften play with in the park is her brother.
那个我经常在公园里和他玩耍的男孩儿是她哥哥。
5. Whose代替人的或物的。如：
This is the girl whose mother is working over there.
这是那个她妈妈正在那边工作的女孩儿。
The house whose floor is too dirty is his.
地板太脏的那所房子是他的。
五、关系副词包括：
1. where代替在什么什么地方。在定语从句中作状语。如:
Disney is an amusementpark where you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.
迪士尼是一个乐园，在那儿你能发现所有的平常的吸引人的迪士尼电影和角色。
2. when代替时间，在定语从句中做状语。如：
I can’t forget the time whenthe earthquake happened in Yushu.
我不能忘记玉树发生地震的时候。
3. why代替原因reason，在定语从句中做状语。如：
This is the reason whywe are talking about it now.
认识现在我们为什么正在谈论它的原因。
六、关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的成分：
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或主语。如：
Friends are those whomake you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
(whomake you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed在此句中是定语从句，who作主语)
The book that/ whichhe bought yesterday is very interesting.
(that/ whichhe bought yesterday is very interesting在此句中是定语从句，that/ which作宾语)
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略。如：
Can you lend me the book(that/ which)you talked about the other day?
(you talked about the other day在此句中是定语从句，that/ which在定语从句中做宾语，可以省略。)
3. 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。如：
---What do you usually do in your leisure time?
--- Ienjoy reading in the library whereIlose myself in a world of good books.
(where I lose myself in a world of good books在此句中是定语从句，where 在定语从句中作状语。)
七、当先行词是时间或地点时，注意先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词which 或that代替;当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where或when代替。如：
1)This is the place in which Ioften play with my friends.
(which I often play with my friends在此句中是定语从句，which代替place，在定语从句中做宾语。)
2)This is the place where Ioften play with my friends.
(where I often play with my friends在此句中是定语从句，where在定语从句中做状语。)
八、关系代词前有介词时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。如：
The boy with whom Ioften play in the park is her brother.
(with whom I often play in the park在此句中是定语从句，whom前有介词with。)
九、定语从句中的谓语和先行词保持一致。如：
Idon’t know the people who/that are on the stage.
(who/that are on the stage在此句中是定语从句，定语从句中的are和先行词people保持一致。)
十、特殊情况
以下几种情况必须用that引导定语从句：
1. 先行词是人和物。
He chatted online about things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他在网上谈论关于他们在学校里边儿所记忆人和事。
2. 先行词是all, some, any, nothing, no 等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t need?
还有你所不需要的东西吗?
3. 先行词被the only, the very 或the last修饰时。
She is the only person that Ilike in the class.
她是班里边我唯一喜欢的人。
4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most beautiful flower that Ihave ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最漂亮的花。
That is the first person that Ihave ever seen in the class.
那是我在班里曾经见过的第一个人。
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