2024年英语语法精讲：形容词副词的比较级和最高级

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词，如：small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortest(2)双音节词，如：clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;如：large→larger→largest3.在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如：big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如：easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest

5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most differenteasily→more easily→most easily注意：(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用.　The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2)形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常". It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。如：good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar→further/farther→furthest/farthes

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1.“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B”，意思为“A比B更……”。如：This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。注意：①在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。②在比较级前面使用much，even, a little, a lot, a bit, far 等词修饰。A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.③very, quite, so, too, enough只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2.“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级”，表示“越来越……”①It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。②It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。③The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。④Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽3.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。Who is taller, Tim or Tom?谁更高，Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。①The moremoney you make,the moreyou spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。②The sooner，the better.越快越好。5.表示倍数的比较级用法：①. A + be +倍数+ times +the +形容词对应名词形式+ of + B.The new building isthree times the height ofthe old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)②. A + be +倍数+ times+as +原级+ as+ B.Asia isfour times as large asEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)③. A + be +序数词+比较级+ than + B.Our school istwice bigger thanyours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7.as...as...表示同级比较，意为“像……一样……”两个as之间用形容词副词的原级。其否定形式为not as/so...as...,意为“不像……那样……”。①Wang Wei runs as fast as Liu Bin.王伟和刘斌跑的一样快。②My hometown is not as/so famous as Beijing.我的家乡没有北京有名。8.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示：“第几最……”。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。

中招真题演练：

9.形容词最高级前面可以有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用冠词。如：This is our best lesson today.这是我们今天最好的一节课1.(2015河南)--What a clear blue sky it is! --Yes. I have never seen _____ sky.A.a more bueutifulB.a most beautifulC.the more beautifulD.the most beautiful2.(2015重庆)He has ______ arms now and is able to pick the table up with one hand.A.weakestB.weakerC.strangestD.stranger3.(2015江西)--The scarves are all beautiful. I can't decide which one to choose. --Oh, look at this red one. I think it's ______ .A.beautifulB.more beautifulC.the most beautifulD.less beautiful4.(2015广东广州)Emma looked after her pet dog ____ of all her friends.A.carefulB.most carefulC.more carefullyD.the most carefully5.(2015上海)Alex did the project on community service _____ better than his classmates.A.soB.veryC.too D.much

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