2024年初中英语语法动词的分类

动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词在句子中充当谓语,用来说明主语是什么或做什么。

考点一~实义动词

实义动词按照其后是否能跟宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1.及物动词

及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词。如love,need,want,have,teach,make等。I love my mother.我爱我的母亲。

2.不及物动词

(1)不及物动词本身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语。如come,go,run,travel,listen,swim,live,work等。The man works hard.这个人工作努力。(2)如果需要带宾语,则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用。Look at the blackboard.看黑板。

3.短语动词

l动词+介词look after照看look for寻找l动词+副词put up建立;举起turn on打开l动词+副词+介词catch up with赶上do away with废除l动词+名词+介词take care of照料;照顾pay attention to注意make use of利用l动词+名词lose heart失去信心take place发生

【提醒】“动词+副词”形式的短语动词可用作及物或不及物动词。如果作及物动词,若宾语是名词,可以放在副词之后,也可以放在动词与副词之间。如果宾语是代词,则必须放在动词与副词之间。

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【即学即练】.—What’s wrong with Simon? He isn’t at school today.—His legs hurt. He was by a motorcycle this morning.A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured.While traveling in a strange place, you’d better the local people and follow their customs(习俗).A.watchB.changeC.controlD.teach1答案:B2答案:A

**考点二~系动词

系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的系动词分类如下:lbe动词--am,is,are,was,wereI’m a girl with short hair.我是一个留着短发的女孩。l感官类--look, sound,smell, taste,feel等His plan sounds good.他的计划听起来很好。The food tastes good.这种食物尝起来不错。l变化类--become, get,grow,go,turn等Mr. Black's face turned red.布莱克先生的脸变红了。l状态类--keep, stay,remain等The shop stays open till 8 in the evening.商店一直营业到晚上8点。

【即学即练】

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.Mom is making dinner. It so nice! A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds.This silk dress so smooth. It’s made in China.A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.feels.The cake delicious. I’d like to have another one.A.tastesB.looksC.soundsD.feels1答案:A2答案:D3答案:A

**考点三~助动词

助动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等特征,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等结构。主要的助动词有be,do,have,shall,will等。lbeam/is/are+动词-ing形式→现在进行时Was/were+动词-ing形式→过去进行时be+过去分词→被动语态ldo形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在do动词前加强语气。lhavehave/has+过去分词→现在完成时had+过去分词→过去完成时havehave/has+been+动词-ing形式→现在完成进行时lwill/shallwill/shall+动词原形→一般将来时would/should+动词原形→过去将来时

【即学即练】

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.—Oh, no! I can’t find my mobile phone!—Well, where you last put it? A.haveB.doC.didD.are.How’s Annie? I her for a long time.A.don’t seeB.won’t seeC.didn’t seeD.haven’t seen1答案:C2答案:D

**考点四~情态动词

lcan(could)表示能力(=beable to)--能;会Tom can swim. =Tomis able to swim汤姆会游泳。(疑问句可以中)表示请求--可以Can I help you?我能帮助你吗?Could you give us some advice?你可以给我们一些建议吗?用于(否定句、疑问句中)可能性can可能can' t不可能Can the news be true?这则消息是真的吗?The boy can't be Jim.He's muchtaller.那个男孩不可能是吉姆，他高得多。lmay(might)表示可能性(可与maybe转换)--可能Tony may know the way to the to the hospital.=Maybe Tony knows the way to the hospital.托尼可能知道去医院的路。表示客气的请求--可以May I come in?我可以进来吗?表示祝愿--祝······May you be happy.祝你快乐。lmust表示义务、命令或要求--必须We must tell the truth to our parents.我们必须告诉父母真相。表示肯定的猜测(否定猜测用can't)--一定Lisa must be at home.(推测现在的状况)丽莎一定在家。You must be kidding.(推测现在正在发生)你一定是在开玩笑。They must have seen the movie.(推测过去的状况)他们一定看过这部电影。lshall(should)Shall...?用于第一人称，表示提建议或请求--...好吗?Shall we ask the teacher for help?我们可以向老师求助吗?should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任--应该Students shouldn't have long hair.学生不应该留长发。lwill(would)用于第二人称，疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议Will/Would you please take out the trash?你可以把垃圾拿出去吗?will用于各种人称，表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help you.你的父母将会尽力帮助你。lHad better"最好"，后跟动词原形，其否定形式为had better not do sth.You'd better not eat too much meat.你最好别吃太多肉。

【即学即练】

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.—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum?—No, you , my dear. You’re free to make your own decision.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t.—you swim? —Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must.—How is your friend coming?—I’m not sure. He drive here.A.mayB.canC.mustD.will.In some countries, people download(下载) music from the Internet without paying, because it’s against the law.A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t1答案:C2答案:A3答案:A4答案:C

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