×
来源：网络资源 2023-08-16 17:37:29
被动语态
一概念引入
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese.
许多人说汉语。
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people.
许多人说汉语。(汉语被许多人说。)
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
二用法讲解
1、被动语态结构（be动词+及物动词的过去分词，be动词随时态变化而改变）
一般现在时：
am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
一般过去时：
was / were +及物动词的过去分词
China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
一般将来时：
will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.这个问题明天会讨论。
现在完成时：
have / has been +及物动词的过去分词
Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书一本都没被拿走。
现在进行时：
am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词
My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。
过去完成时：
had been +及物动词的过去分词
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library. 我到图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2、主动语态与被动语态的转换
1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词）
注意：
根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格
All the people laughed at him.
所有人都嘲笑他。
→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
他们在那家工厂制造自行车。
→ The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
他砍倒了一棵树。
→ A tree was cut down by him.
4）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。
Little Tom can work out this maths problem easily.
小汤姆能轻松地做出这道数学题。
→ This maths problem can be easily workedout by little Tom.
They should do it at once.
他们应该立刻做那件事。
→It should be done at once.
5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他
被动语态的双宾语句式: 间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他
或:直接宾语+be +过去分词+介词(for / to)+间接宾语+其他
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.=
My father gave a new book to me on my birthday.
我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。
→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).
= A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
= My father bought a new computer to me yesterday.
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).
= A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father)
6) 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
His teacher found him a very good pupil.
他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
→ He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.
7) 在含有let, make, see, hear等动词的主动句中,后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要还原to。
Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every Sunday.
→Linda is made to practice the piano every Sunday.
8) 有些及物动词如have(有), reach, cost等, 以及有些联系动词如smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被动语态。
✘Five dollars is cost by this book.
✔This book costs five dollars. 这本书花费五美元。
✘The food is tasted nice.
✔The food tastes nice. 这种食物尝起来很好。
三巩固练习
把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子
1. Do you sweep the floor everyday?
2. Did people in the old days grow tea?
3. We have learned Lesson 60.
4. We can’t see many of the stars.
使用被动语态翻译下列句子
5.我们不把英语当作第一语言使用。
6. 这些电视机是1990年日本出产的。
7.法国人说英语还是法语?
8.中国什么地方生产盐?
单项选择
9. Look! A big modern building _________ in our city.
A. is built
B. is being built
C. has been built
D. is building
10. Your bike can’t ______ there.
A. be put
B. is put
C. be putted
D. putted
11. Mary _______ the song at a party.
A. heard sing
B. was heard sing
C. heard to sing
D. was heard to sing
12. ______ trees usually _______ in April?
A. Have, planted
B. Are, planted
C. have, been planted
D. Do, planted
参考答案
1. Is the floor swept(by you)everyday?
2. Was tea grown by people in the old days?
3. Lesson 60 has been learned(by us).
4. Many of the stars can’t be seen (by us).
5. English isn’t used as our first language.
6. The TV sets were made in Japan in 1990.
7. Is English or French spoken by Frenchmen?
8. Where is salt produced in China?
9. B。本句结构为：现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“在我们城里，一座现代化的建筑正在被建”(正在建造一座现代化建筑)。
10. A。本句结构为：含有情态动词的被动语态。句意为“你的自行车不能被放在那”(那儿不能停放自行车)。
11. D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。此句中复合宾语的不定式to不能省略。句意为“玛丽被听到在宴会上唱歌”(有人听到玛丽在宴会上唱歌)。
12. B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“通常是在四月份植树吗?”。
编辑推荐：
欢迎使用手机、平板等移动设备访问中考网，2025中考一路陪伴同行！>>点击查看
