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来源：网络资源 2023-08-16 11:32:28
现在完成时是初中的重要时态，今天我们一起来学习下，内容很详细，各位家长老师可以直接使用，也可以根据先后内容做成PPT课件。
现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。(过去分词参考我上一篇文章)
①Ihavejustfinishedmy homework. 我刚做完功课
②Ihave livedin Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。
③My sisterhas seenthe movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。
现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。
否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.
说明：have和has常与not 缩写成haven't 和hasn't .
①Ihaven't seenmuch of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。
②Hehasn't beento Japan.他没有去过日本。
一般疑问句：Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?
肯定回答：Yes.主语+have /has.
否定回答：No,主语+have /has not。
③—Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗?
–Yes, I have (No, I haven't )是的 。(不，还没有)
④–-Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗
—-Yes, he has . (No , he hasn't )是的。(不，没及格)
巩固练习：
The bus hasn't arrived yet. (改成肯定句)The bus ________ _______ __________.
I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)
_____ you ________ the interesting films recently?
I have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句)I ________ had my breakfast ______.
I have already finished doing my homework. (改为一般疑问句)
_____ ________ finished doing your homework ________?
She has already worked out that difficult math problem. (改为否定句)
She _________ worked out that difficult problem __________.
现在完成时的基本用法
现在完成时有两个主要用法，“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。
现在完成时的“已完成”用法
“已完成”用法指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个不明确的时间，现在已经完成，但后果或影响至今仍然存在。其重点就是着眼于现在，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和后果。
现在完成时常与表示不确定的时间状语连用，如：yet, just, before , recently ,once ,lately等，也同表示频率副词连用，如：often ,once ,ever ,never等。
① I've forgotten his telephone number.我忘记他的电话号码。(表示现在没法跟他联系)
② He has already given up smoking .他已经戒烟了。(表示现在已经不抽烟了)
③ How many times have you been to Beijing ?他去过北京几次?(与表示频率的状语连用)
现在完成时的“未完成”用法。
“未完成”用法是指它可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。这一用法与“已完成”的用法主要区别在于它通常都要与表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的表示时间的状语有：for…..,since…(自从…),so far (到目前为止)等。如：①We have received no news from her for 2years .两年了，我们没有她的一点消息。
②She has taught us since I came to this school.从我来学校开始她就一直教我们。
使用现在完成时应注意的情况
瞬间动词(也叫点动词，非延续性动词或终止性动词)表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续，因此不能与表示一段时间的时间状语(如for短语，since短语等)连用，但是可以与表示非持续的时间状语连用。如：
His father has died for three years .(✘)
【die（死）为瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用】
①他父亲去世已经三年了。His father died three years ago . (✔ )
【可以与表示非持续性的时间状语连用]
I have bought the book for a week .(✘)
【buy(买)为瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用】
②这本书我买了一个星期了。I bought the book a week ago . (✔ )
【可以与表示非延续性的时间状语连用
表示时间段的时间状语时，可以将瞬间动词变为同义的延续性或表状态的动词(短语)。所以，上面两例还可以分别表示为：
③His fatherhas been deadfor three years . {be dead (死的)表状态}
④I havehad the bookfor a week . {have(拥有)表延续性动作}
常见的瞬间动词可以转换成表延续状态的词有如下一些：
die —–be dead
leave / go—–be away (from)
come /go back—-be back
buy—–have borrow——-keep
make friends—be friends
open—-be open
fall asleep—be asleep
marry—–be married
begin /start —be on
finish——-be over
get ready —-be ready
arrive/ get to /reach /come
—–be in / be at /stay
join (the Party)
—–be a (Party)member / be in (the Party)
如果出现一段时间时，同时又要保留非延续性动词，则可以用“It is +时间+since+一般过去的句子“句型改写。如上面的句①和句②可以分别表示为：
① It is three years since his father died. ②It is a week since I bought the book
For+一段时间 ，since+过去的时间
巩固练习：用for, since, ago填空。
Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday.
Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built.
Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years.
I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.
My parents has been married since twenty years ________.
My cousin joined the army three months ________.
同义句转换
1) They borrowed it last week. They ____ ______it since ______ _______.
I bought a pen two hours ago. I ______ ______a pen for ______ _______.
He has gone to Beijing. He _____ ______ ______ Beijing for two days.
4)He joined the league in 2002.
He _____ ______ a _________ ______ the ________ for two years.
My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.
6)The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop _______ ________ ______ for ________ _________.
7)The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
如现在完成时的谓语动词是瞬间动词的否定式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。因为瞬间动词的否定式构成一种状态，而状态是可以持续的。
① We haven't met him for a long time .我已经好久没遇到他了。{表示“没见到”这一状态}
② The old man hasn't left home for a month .那位老人已经有一个月未出门了。(表示“足不出户”
最后区分：
have (has )been to /have (has) gone to /have (has)been in
have (has) been to表示“去过某地”，指曾经有过或没有过的一种经历。说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方。可以同once，often，never，ever, many times 等连用。
have(has )gone to表示“去某地了”，指说话时某人已不在此地。在去某地的途中或已在某地。所以一般来说此结构只用于主语是第三人称时。
试比较：
She has gone to Shanghai . 她去北京了(表示她人此刻不在这，在北京的途中或已在北京)
She went to Shanghai a year ago 她去过北京。(表示她到过北京这一经历)
have (has) been in表示“已在某地(待了多久)若该地为小地方，则in需要用at代替，当后面跟副词时只用have been，其后不可以用任何介词。
① The Greens have been in China for two years .
② LiLei's aunt has been at this school for two years.
③The Greens are in China now. They have been here for a half a year.
巩固练习 ：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long _______ he __________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I'm afraid he won't come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
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