2024年初中英语句子的成分、结构和种类

句子的成分

1.主语

主语是句中动作、行为、性质、状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词、从句来充当。

·A horse runs much faster than a cow.

·Nobody can help you except yourself.

·Three is enough for each of us.

·The rich are not always happier than the poor.

·To get up early is a good habit.

·Travelling abroad is popular these days.

·What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

2.谓语

谓语用来说明主语的行为、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语的动词有人称、数和时态的变化。

(1)简单谓语动词:实义动词、实义动词词组

·I saw him yesterday.

·I look after my baby daughter.

(2)复合谓语动词:情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词的某种形式、系动词+表语

·I can speak English well.(情+动)

·I am writing now.(助+动)

·Tom has gone to Beijing.(助+动)

·My baby daughter is cute.(系+表)

·The cake tastes good.(系+表)

3.宾语

宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、名词化的形容词充当。

·We watched the film last night.

·Where did you buy that?

·If you put 2 and 7 together,you’ll get 9.

·Please stop making noise.

·Remember to tell him to come.

·We all know that she is a great player.

·We should help the poor.

4.表语

表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等，与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构，作复合谓语。表语通常由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语充当。

·Andrea is a Canadian.

·It must be her.

·Three and seven is ten.

·The weather is cold.

·The class was over at last.

·My dream is to become an artist.

·They are in the hospital right now.

5.定语

定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，它常和名词一起构成名词短语。定语分为前置定语和后置定语。

(1)前置定语:形容词、代词、名词、名词所有格、数词、动名词、动词的现在分词可作前置定语。

·She is a beautiful girl.

·Open your mouth.

·Here is a stone table.

·This is Lily’s book.

·She cut the cake into two pieces.

·Put the child in the sleeping bag.

·We should adapt to the changing situation.

(2)后置定语:形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词的现在分词、动词的过去分词可作后置定语。

·There is nothing interesting today.

·The buildings around were badly damaged.

·The books on the shelf are new.

·Let’s try another way to do this.

·The girl singing songs is my sister.

·The window broken this morning was repaired.

6.状语

状语常用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等。通常由副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动词的现在分词(短语)、动词的过去分词(短语)、从句充当。

·Eve works hard.

·The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

·They are playing football on the playground.

·His parents died,leaving him alone.

·Moved by the movie,the audience began to cry.

·He began to learn English when he was eleven.

状语的分类:

时间状语:I watched TV last night.

地点状语:They are playing football on the playground.

原因状语:He was sent to prison for robbery.

结果状语:The stone is too heavy for me to lift.

条件状语:We can’t live without water and air.

让步状语:Though he tried his best,he lost the game.

目的状语:I joined you to learn English.

方式状语:I study math by doing math exercises.

程度状语:I like vegetables very much.

伴随状语:She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.

比较状语:The teenagers of today are better off than we used to be.

方面状语:I do well in English grammar.

句子的结构

英语的句子由各种句子成分构成，但所有句子中最基本的句型只有5种，其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换来的。

记忆口诀:

五大基本句型

英语句子千万种，千变万化五种型;

一种简单主谓型，二型基本主谓宾;

三型常见主系表，四型动词加双宾;

复合宾语属五型，基本句型牢记心。

句子的种类

英语的句子中按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

句子的成分

1.主语

主语是句中动作、行为、性质、状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词、从句来充当。

·A horse runs much faster than a cow.

·Nobody can help you except yourself.

·Three is enough for each of us.

·The rich are not always happier than the poor.

·To get up early is a good habit.

·Travelling abroad is popular these days.

·What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

2.谓语

谓语用来说明主语的行为、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语的动词有人称、数和时态的变化。

(1)简单谓语动词:实义动词、实义动词词组

·I saw him yesterday.

·I look after my baby daughter.

(2)复合谓语动词:情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词的某种形式、系动词+表语

·I can speak English well.(情+动)

·I am writing now.(助+动)

·Tom has gone to Beijing.(助+动)

·My baby daughter is cute.(系+表)

·The cake tastes good.(系+表)

3.宾语

宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、名词化的形容词充当。

·We watched the film last night.

·Where did you buy that?

·If you put 2 and 7 together,you’ll get 9.

·Please stop making noise.

·Remember to tell him to come.

·We all know that she is a great player.

·We should help the poor.

4.表语

表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等，与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构，作复合谓语。表语通常由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语充当。

·Andrea is a Canadian.

·It must be her.

·Three and seven is ten.

·The weather is cold.

·The class was over at last.

·My dream is to become an artist.

·They are in the hospital right now.

5.定语

定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，它常和名词一起构成名词短语。定语分为前置定语和后置定语。

(1)前置定语:形容词、代词、名词、名词所有格、数词、动名词、动词的现在分词可作前置定语。

·She is a beautiful girl.

·Open your mouth.

·Here is a stone table.

·This is Lily’s book.

·She cut the cake into two pieces.

·Put the child in the sleeping bag.

·We should adapt to the changing situation.

(2)后置定语:形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词的现在分词、动词的过去分词可作后置定语。

·There is nothing interesting today.

·The buildings around were badly damaged.

·The books on the shelf are new.

·Let’s try another way to do this.

·The girl singing songs is my sister.

·The window broken this morning was repaired.

6.状语

状语常用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等。通常由副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动词的现在分词(短语)、动词的过去分词(短语)、从句充当。

·Eve works hard.

·The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

·They are playing football on the playground.

·His parents died,leaving him alone.

·Moved by the movie,the audience began to cry.

·He began to learn English when he was eleven.

状语的分类:

时间状语:I watched TV last night.

地点状语:They are playing football on the playground.

原因状语:He was sent to prison for robbery.

结果状语:The stone is too heavy for me to lift.

条件状语:We can’t live without water and air.

让步状语:Though he tried his best,he lost the game.

目的状语:I joined you to learn English.

方式状语:I study math by doing math exercises.

程度状语:I like vegetables very much.

伴随状语:She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.

比较状语:The teenagers of today are better off than we used to be.

方面状语:I do well in English grammar.

句子的结构

英语的句子由各种句子成分构成，但所有句子中最基本的句型只有5种，其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换来的。

记忆口诀:

五大基本句型

英语句子千万种，千变万化五种型;

一种简单主谓型，二型基本主谓宾;

三型常见主系表，四型动词加双宾;

复合宾语属五型，基本句型牢记心。

句子的种类

英语的句子中按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

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