来源:网络资源 2023-08-15 15:40:57
一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后,而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。
The man
如:(先行词)(定语从句) is my English teacher.
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。
可作主语、宾语或定语
关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中,关系副词在句中作状语。
the boy
如:I am waiting for(先行词)(关系代词)is wearing a red coat. (主语)
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary
(先行词)(关系代词) my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
his mother
The woman is(先行词)(关系代词) name is Linda Brown. (定语)
那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达·布朗。
the house
That is(先行词)(关系副词) my father used to live.(状语)
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
三、初中英语中定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。
who / that
如:Yesterday I helped an old manlost his way. (主语)
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
(who / that / whom)
Mr Wang is the manyou met in the zoo this morning.(宾语)
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意:
关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
whose
The boymother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
他母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
whose
I have a story bookcover is red.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。
which / that
如:Football is a gameis liked by most boys. (主语)
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
which / that
I don’t believe the newsTom won the game. (宾语)
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。
in which
That is the placeI lived for five years.
which / that
=That is the placeI lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
for whom
Mr Zhang is the manI am looking.
who / whom / that
=Mr Zhang is the manI am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1. 先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或which.
that / which
如:The schoolI used to study in is becoming better and better.
(the school 作了介词in的宾语。)
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时,如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用where.
where
如:The placethe accident happened isn’t far from our school.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词,它不跟宾语,而the accident又作了定语从句的主语,因此该定语从句既不需要主语,也不需要宾语。)
2.只用that,不用which的情况。
(1)前有序数词修饰时。
如:
that
This is the tenth giftI received for my birthday.
这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
(2)前有形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
that
That is the most exciting gameI have ever watched.
那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
(3)先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。
如:
that
Allhe told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。
(4)先行词被the only修饰时。
如:
that
The only thingI can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
(5)先行词既指人,又指物时。
如:
that
We talked about the people and the thingswe were interested in.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3. 只用which,不用that的情况。
(1)定语从句是物时,定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。
如:
about which
The thingthe teacher is talking is very important.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
(2)先行词本身是that, those时,
如:
which
What’s thatis flying in the sky?
在天空中飞的那是什么?
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