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来源：网络资源 2023-08-15 11:49:17
一、人称代词和物主代词
1
人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格常做主语，宾格常做宾语，放在动词、介词后。
主格包括：I, you, he, she, it，we, they。
宾格包括：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
如：
(1)I am a teacher. 我是一个老师。
(2)She is a student. 他是一个学生。
(3)Give me the book. 给我那本儿书。
It 的用法：
(1)it代替上文提到的事或物。
(2)用于句型中：think /find /feel it + adj./n. (for sb.)to doIt is + adj./n. + that +句子It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to doIt takes sb. st. to do3)
代替人：婴儿，远处的人，照片中的人，敲门的人。
如：
It must be my teacher.
他肯定是我的老师。
Who’s it over there?那边儿他是谁?
2
物主代词包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。前者相当于一个形容词，后者相当于一个名词。
前者包括：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
后者包括：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。
尤其是名词性的物主代词是重点考察内容。
如：
(1)This is my book.
这是我的书。
(2)This isn't your pen. Yours is on the desk.
这不是你的钢笔。你的钢笔在桌子上。
二
当主语和后边的人指同一个人时，用反身代词。
如：I do homework by myself.
反身代词包括：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
它们经常出现在词组中，如：
by oneself, 通过某人自己
say to oneself, 自言自语
think to oneself, 自言自语
think of oneself, 想到某人自己
dress oneself, 给某人自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself, 玩儿的高兴
teach oneself, 自学
learn by oneself, 自学
make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感觉宾至如归
help oneself to + n.…, 随便吃点儿
help oneself, 帮助某人自己
leave sb. by oneself, 把某人自己单独留在家里
lose oneself in/into…, 把某人自己沉浸在……
look after oneself, 照料自己
take care of oneself照料自己
三
不定代词包括：some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one构成的复合不定代词，例如：someone, anything等。
不定代词的用法 ：
1. one, some与any
(1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
(2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas?
Could you give me some money?
(3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
2. each和every
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary.
/ Each (of us) has a dictionary.
/ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle?
None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another
(1) other泛指“另外的，别的”
the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. (2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。
both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English.
/ Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers.
/ Not both of us are teachers.
/ Either of us is a teacher.
6. little 几乎没有 修饰 不可数名词
a little 一些 修饰 不可数名词
few 几乎没有 修饰 可数名词
a few 一些 修饰 可数名词
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