2024年初中英语阅读理解题如何能不失分

分析历年中考阅读理解，综合考点题型多为以下几种：

（一）、直接理解性题目-

这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。这类题的解题要点是，找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找出对应词，指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思相反或相近对应词。

Example:原文最后一段：

A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin. Yet it has 256,000 teeth. The teeth are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hand paper box, it will eat its way out!And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.

最后一小题：

Which of the following is wrong?

A.In winter the snail doesn’t eat or move.

B.A snail doesn’t living under the sun.

C.The snail’s teeth can’t be worn out.

D.The snail’s nose helps to find food.

解析

从最后一句划线句子可直接看出，显然C项的说话是错误的，符合题目的正确答案项。

（二）、语义理解性题目-

考查孩子们根据上下文猜测生词含义或句义的能力。题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。做此类题时，我们可以根据上下文进行逻辑上的推理，也可依靠常识和经验做出判断。

Example 1:

文章的最后一段：

Themost important job of the keepers is to look after the safety of the visitors. People must be prevented from doing dangerous things. Many people have beeninjuredbecause they did careless things, like putting their hands into the lion’s cage.

The underline word “injured” in the last paragraph means “”.

A.hurtB. beatenC. killedD. caught

解析

由于做了粗心的事，很多人受到了伤害。故答案应为A。

Example 2:

文章段落： Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep. 2.In the sentence “A snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means _____. A.to make with a pencil B.to push C. to pull D. to move away

解析：

很多孩子看到“draw”时，脑中第一时间会出现“画画”的字面意思，如果不多点细心，就会选择A，但阅读理解要忠于原文意思，因此正确答案应该是C。

(三)、逻辑推理性题目-也称为“细节题”，考查孩子们对短文内容的理解和对应有生活常识进行推理的能力。这种题目有一定难度，一般都是深层意义的题目，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解，才能找到答案。

Example：

文章段落：

Oneday we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.

One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to .

A.have breakfast

B.have lunch

C.have supper

D.have a party

解析：

由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner”得知是要宴请客人吃饭。再从“When it was about six o’clock“得知是吃晚餐，故答案选C

(四)、归纳概括性题目- 也称为主旨大意题，通常出现在文章最后一题，一般初中阅读理解必定会出现一至两题，难度较大，且具有迷惑性，通常孩子们在此题上失分较严重。因为它要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。主旨题所提问题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。

【设问形式】

1. 主要内容型：

What’s the passage mainly about?

What is the main idea of this passage?

2. 主题型：

What’s the topic of the article?

Which subject is discussed in the passage?

3. 最佳标题型：

What’s the best title for this passage?

4. 写作目的型：

The purpose of this passage is to ______________.

如何获取段落的主旨和大意？

The article has been written to explain ________________.

做主旨大意题时，不管是哪一种题型，关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词，从而把握文章的主旨。在议论文或说明文中，

文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。

如果提问方式为： Which is the best title of the passage? Thispassage mainly talks about_______.

通常来说，我们就要特别关注篇首和篇未。在这两段间寻找主题句。

Example 1：

The writer really wants us to.

A.praise the clever mother

B.correct our mistake

C.learn to control ourselves

D.know hammering nails is useful

文章的第一段是这样的：

Itis very important to be able to control yourself. Losing control may bring things that you would never want to see. We can learn something from the following story.

解析：

读完短文后就可看出文章的第一句就是主题句。这个句子概括了本文的中心意思：学会控制自己是很重要的。然后通过一个故事进一步说明学会控制自己的重要性。由主题句可以看出答案应为C。

Example 2:

What can be the best title for the text?

A Mother’s Love

B. A Brave Act

C. A Deadly River

D. A Matter of Life and Death

文章最后一段：

WhileI was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love.

(五)、事实细节把握题-在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题。 考查孩子们把握文章的事实和细节的能力。做细节事实题我们甚至不需要通读全文，只需要先通读题目，然后带着问题到文章里面寻找答案就可以了。注意当看到对应问题的关键字出现时，一定要及时用笔画下来。大部分选项中的正确答案会是文章中的原句，我们可以一目了然的迅速选择出来。也有一些选项与文章原句表述方法并不完全一致，但意思是完全相同的，比如换个近义词或者做个同义句转化之类的，这就需要仔细鉴别选项中答案的意思是否符合原文 。

主要提问方式是：

1)Which of the following is right?

2)Which of the following is not mentioned?

3)Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

4)Choose the right order of this passage.

5)From this passage we know ________.

Example 1:

When you cough or sneeze, you should____?

A. touch everything

B.cover your mouth

C. point out to the kids

D. pass the germs to others

文章第一段很明确的说明了这一问题。

Whenyou cough or sneeze, you'd better turn your head away from others andcover your mouth with the full part of your hand.

显然易见，从文中就可以直接找出信息“当我们咳嗽或者打喷嚏，我们要遮住嘴巴“，故答案选B。

Example 2:

The aim of students who came to school is to study. But to study requires a right way，or you waste either the time or the money.The following are the ways of studying.

The best time for reading is morning，because in the morning，the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason，we can get good result.

1. The passage tells us ______.

A. the importance of reading

B. to read in the morning

C. to pay attention to the ways of studying

D. to have patience in studying

2. We'd better read in the morning because ______.

A. it's easy to remember what we have learned

B. the air is fresh and the mind is clear

C. it's difficult to get good results

D. both A and B.

解析：

文章第一段划线部分直接引出了整篇文章的中心思想，因此第1题显然是选C。而第二题答案更是明显，直接原文可以找到，故选B。而这两题其实就是我们做阅读理解题的送分题，孩子们遇到这种题一定要养成“找重点，划重点，不失分“的好习惯!

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