2023年初中英语语法一般过去时讲解及练习

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和yesterday, ago, last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。

一、概念

表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month，last year，a momentago(刚才)，just now(刚才)，two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。如：

I went to bed ateleven last night.

昨晚我11：00睡觉。

二、动词过去式的构成规律

(一)规则动词的过去式

1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→played;

2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;

3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将y改为i ,再加–ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加–ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不规则动词的过去式

1.改变动词中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

2.变词尾的–d为–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3.与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4.变-ay为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5.采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6.其他。如：am/is→was are→werehave/has→had do→did

三、句式变化

(一)一般过去时的一般疑问句

1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，…was.否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t.由Were…?引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，…were.否定回答为：No，…weren’t.如：

(1)I was born in Shanghai.

→Wereyou bornin Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答)

→No, Iwasn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in LiYan’s home lastnight?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答)

→No, theyweren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did.否定回答：No, …didn’t.如：

John played computer games lastnight.

→Did John playcomputer gameslast night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答)

→No, hedidn’t. (否定回答)

(二)一般过去时的否定句

1.在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was,were的后面加上not。

如：

(1)He was in thepark the day before yesterday.

→He was not in the park the day beforeyesterday.

(2)We were busy last week.

→We were notbusy last week.

2.在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t +动词原形。如：

(1)She played the violin last night.

→She didn’tplay the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lakeyesterday.

→They didn’tswim in thelake yesterday.

(三)一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did … ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)

We ate Chinese food lastnight.

→What did weeat last night?

2.Where did ?(主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the musicroomyesterday morning.

→Where did they singand danceyesterday morning?

3.Who +动词过去式… ?(主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountainslastweekend.

→Who climbedmountains lastweekend?

四、句子结构

1.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：

(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。

(2)Wewere in the gym just now.刚才我们在体育馆。

2.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：

I visited my uncle yesterday.昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

3.各种句式

(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句：

主语+动词过去式+宾语或表语。

He worked in Shanghai tenyears ago.

(2)一般过去时的否定句：

a.主语+ didn’t +动词原形+宾语。(did +not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主语+ wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not= wasn't were+ not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher tenyearsago.

(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句：

a.Did +主语+动词原形+宾语?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

b.Was/Were +主语+表语?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

a.特殊疑问词+ did +主语+动词原形+宾语?

Where did your parents live five yearsago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑问词+ were/was +表语?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

一、写出下列词的过去式

1.buy _____ 2.go _____

3.stay _____ 4.study ______

5.am/ are ______ 6.do ______

7.don’t ______ 8.taste______

9. have/ has ____10.visit _____

二、单项选择

1.Tim______ in front of the cinema for half an hour, but Tom didn’t come.

A. waits B. is waiting

C. waited D. will wait

2.—How was the volleyball game yesterday?

—Oh, it was great! We ______ so much fun.

A. have B. had

C. are having D. will have

3.--- Did your mother come back late yesterday?

---No, she ______. She never ______ back late.

A. doesn’t ; comes

B. didn’t; came

C. didn’t; comes

D. don’t; came

4.---Don't you see the sign No Parking! on the right?

---Sorry，I _________.But now I know parking here is not right.

A.don't B.didn't C.hadn't D.won't

5.---Sorry,Tom. I can't find the book you_________ me.

---It's OK. I don't need it any more.

A.lend B.have lent

C.will lend D.lent

三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.The farmers _____ (kill)some pigs a few days before the festival.

2.Jack ______ (seem) to be busy last weekend.

3.I ______ (start) to learn Russian by myself when I was twelve.

4.______ you ______ (buy) anything special for yourself?

5.He ______ (feel) bored at home,so he went to the park with his friends.

6.—Where ______ (do) you go on vacation?

—I ______ (go) to the beach.

7.Did you ______ (go) with anyone?

8.I ______ (be) on vacation last month.

9.Mary ______ (finish) her homework very late last night.

10.Most students ______ (want) to play computer games on the weekend.

四、按要求完成句子,每空一词

1.I went toSanyaon vacation.(对画线部分提问)

______ ______ you ______ on vacation?

2.Icleaned my roomlast weekend.(对画线部分提问)

______ ______ you ______ last weekend?

3.He bought something special for his teacher.(改为一般疑问句)

______ he ______ ______ special for his teacher?

4.We did something interesting in the park.(改为一般疑问句)

______ you ______ ______ ______ in the park?

5.Somebody knows what the future will be like.(改为否定句)

______ ______ ______ what the future will be like.

6.The Greens went tothe beachon vacation last month. (对画线部分提问)

______did the Greens ______ on vacation last month?

7.Did you visited your grandparents last weekend?(作否定回答)

______, I ______.

8.I stayed at home last vacation.(改为一般疑问句)

______ you ______ at home last vacation?

9.Linda went to the mountains on vacation three days ago.(改为否定句)

Linda ______ ______ to the mountains on vacation three days ago.

10.Jim doesn’t visit his uncle every month.(用last month改写)

Jim ______ ______ his uncle last month.

五、根据短文内容及括号内所给词的提示填空。

A) Jill (1)______ (buy) a house two months ago. It is a beautiful house in the countryside. However, when Jill decided to buy it, it (2) ______ (need) a lot of work. (3) ______(one), she decorated (装饰)all the rooms. Then she (4) ______ (plant) lots of flowers in the garden. After that, she (5) ______ (make) new curtains (窗帘).When it was ready, she (6) ______ (move) in. That was last week. Now, Jill (7) ______ (be) very happy.B) Life was different eighty years ago. People (1) ______ (not have) the things we have today. First of all，they (2) ______ (not watch) TV and they (3) ______ (talk) to each other a lot. Today people (4)_(not talk) to each other much because they (5) ______ (spend) a lot of time watching TV. Eighty years ago，people (6) ______ (dress) differently. For example (例如)，women (7) ______ (wear) the cheongsam (旗袍).

参考答案

一、1. bought 2. went 3. stayed 4. studied 5. was/were 6. did 7. didn’t 8. tasted 9. had 10. visited

二、1—5CBCBD

三、1. killed 2. seemed 3. started 4. Did; buy 5. felt 6. did; went 7. go 8. was 9. finished 10. wanted/wants

四、1. Where did; go 2. What did; do 3. Did; buy anything 4. Did; do anything interesting 5. Nobody knows 6. Where; go 7. No; didn’t 8. Did; stay 9. didn’t go 10. didn’t visit

五、A) 1. bought 2. needed 3. First 4. planted 5. made 6. moved 7. is

B) 1. didn’t have 2. didn’t watch 3. talked 4. don’t talk 5. spend 6. dressed 7. wore

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