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2023年中考英语语法三大从句总结

来源:网络资源 2023-07-08 19:01:59

中考真题

宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词

that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.

只用whether的情况:

1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.

三、时态

1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)

She wants to know what he has done for the exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。

1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.

3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

定语从句

定语从句应该这样上(附微课视频),英语老师看了眼前一亮!

一、定义

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

二、先行词

先行词指人 who /that先行词指物 which/ that

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后

三、关系代词

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

四、翻译方法 “…. 的”

先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

Whose :

指人或物,作定语,表示 “…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词是不定代词something,anything等时.e.g. Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop

4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthat wereunknowntousall.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

当关系代词前使用介词时:

物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom

当关系代词前使用介词时:

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

英语教学教研

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状语从句

初中英语语法:状语从句课堂教学实用PPT讲解,这篇文章讲透了!

一、定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句原因状语从句 目的状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句方式状语从句 让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When

---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

When

--- 正在……的时候,突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

When=after

When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

While

---在……期间,往往指一段时间。While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

While

---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

As

--- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

As

--- 当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment

--- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

Not… until

--- 直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

Before

--- 在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

After

--- 在…… 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

Since

---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It is just a week since we arrived here. --- 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

No sooner than

--- 一……就……… 用于句首要求倒装No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

Once

--- 一但……就……Once you see him, you will never forget him.

Every time, each time

每次每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

2. 条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有:If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件

If

---如果If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

Unless

--- 如果不, 除非=if notWe can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

As long as

--- 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

As (so) far as

--- 据……所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.

In case

--- 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

Provided that

如果,有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.

On condition that

--- 条件是…He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.

注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.

3. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever

Where

--- 在……地方Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever

--- 无论哪里Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

4. 原因状语从句

because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

Because

--- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

As

--- 因为, 通常放在句首As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

Since

---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Since everybody has come, we can set off.

Now that

--- 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.

considering that

--- 顾及到Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

seeing that

--- 由于Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the meeting off.

5. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, so…that…

such…thatSo… that

--- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.

So that

--- 因而,以便,为了 有时so 可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

Such …that…

---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同,但such 后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

6. 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest

(So) that

--- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

in order that

--- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

for fear that

--- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.

in case

--- 万一You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.

Lest

--- 以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.

7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.

Although, though

---虽然 although 和though 可以互换,但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

As

--- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

Even if /even though

---即使Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.

However

--- 不论, however 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

No matter (what, when, where, how)

---无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.

Whatever

--- 不管Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.

While

---尽管While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

Whether

---不管,常与or not 连用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.

8. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as though

as

---与…… 一样Do in Rome as the Romans do.

as if, as though

--- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气

She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.

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