来源:网络资源 2023-07-08 18:57:17
一、定语从句概述
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
二、关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。
The doctor isa person(先行词)who(引导词)looks after(谓语)a patient(宾语).
医生就是照顾病人的人。
1.that与which辨析
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。
Is there anything that you don't understand?
你有什么不懂的地方吗?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
④当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best?
哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?
2.关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略。that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?
三、关系副词的用法
This isthe factory(先行词)where(地点状语)my father(主语)works(谓语).
这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。
1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.
我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reason一词
We don't know the reason why he was late for school.
我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语
That is the school where I studied three years ago.
那就是我三年前就读的学校。
四、定语从句解题技巧
Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.
主句:Running Man is a very relaxing TV program
从句:which is popular among the young people
先行词:TV program
关系代词:which
因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项,如what。在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。
1.一看指人还是物
①先行词指人:that,who,whose,whom
②先行词指物:that,which,whose
2.二看句中何用处
①主语:who(人),which(物),that(人/物)
②宾语:who/whom(人),which(物),that(人/物)
③定语:whose(人/物)
④状语:where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)
3.三看是否是特殊
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时,只能用that引导。
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时,只能用that引导。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,只能用that引导。
④当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that引导。
⑤关系代词放在介词之后,只能用which引导。
⑥非限制性定语从句中,只能用which引导。
⑦that,those作主语时,只能用which引导。
⑧当先行词为people和those时,用who而不用that。
⑨当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,用who而不用that。
⑩先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
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