2023年初中英语语法：常用情态动词must和have to基本用法

must和have to

1.must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。

Everyone must obey the rule.

人人都必须遵守制度。

We must do everything step by step.

我们必须逐步做每件事。

Teachers must be patient enough with their students.

老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。

2.have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。

You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.

你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。

My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.

我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。

You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.

你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。

提示：

在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.

I've got to work on Sunday.

我不得不星期天工作。

When has Ann got to go

安必须什么时候走?

3.must与have to的比较。

must与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。

①must含有说话者的强烈决意(表示主观的看法)，have to则表示外力环境或习惯使然(即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解)。

I must study hard.

我必须努力学习。(发自内心的决定)

I have to study hard.

我不得不努力学习。(外界因素逼迫)

You must stay for supper.

你必须留下来吃晚饭。(because I want you to)

You have to stay for supper.

你得留下来吃晚饭。(because there is nowhere else to go)

②must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。

They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.

由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。

These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.

这两天他必须一直在家休息。

③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。

You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.

你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。(mustn't表示“禁止”)

You don't have to tell me the secret.你不必告诉我这个秘密。

(don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to)

4.must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。

①must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词)，表示对现在状态的推测。

He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.

他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。

Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.

卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事。

②must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。

Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。

③must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。

The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.

地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。

提示：

must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。

He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already.

他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。

They have just arrived here. They can't know many people.

他们刚到这里，不可能认识很多人。

Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can'tcouldn't have seen me.

莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼，他肯定没看见我。

5.must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。

We all must die.

我们都会死。

Truth must be out.

真相必然会大白的。

Winter must be followed by spring.

冬天到了，春天还会远吗?

6.must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。

Why must it rain today

为什么偏偏在今天下雨?

When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.

正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。

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