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衡中老师整理的英语学科疫情考点(3)

来源:网络资源 作者:中考网整理 2020-03-13 19:22:32

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  Where have cases beenconfirmed so far?

  Thisbrand-new corona virus came from animals, and it’s believed that the source wasactually a seafood market in Wuhan, which also sells wild animals. So far asfar as we know all the cases have come out of Wuhan. So some of these peopleare in places like Thailand and Japan, but they haven’t picked it up there.They actually got it in Wuhan and then they traveled.

  目前病例确认在哪里?

  这种全新的冠状病毒来自动物,据信来源于一个武汉的海鲜市场,这个市场也出售野生动物。据我们所知,目前所有的病例都来自武汉。其中一些人在泰国和日本,但他们并不是在那里感染上病毒的。实际上他们在武汉感染上病毒,然后旅行。

  … andthose who have died tend actually to have underlying conditions as they say,that they’re frail, they may have heart disease or cancer already, and sothey’re vulnerable. Basically their immune systems are not very robust, andthey’re gong to find it very hard to fight off a virus.

  ……而那些死亡的人往往都患有基础病:他们虚弱,他们也许已患有心脏疾病或者癌症,因此很脆弱。基本上来说,他们的免疫系统不是很强壮,所以会发现他们很难抵抗病毒。

  How is this virustransmitted?

  We’veonly just discovered that the new corona virus is actually transmitted from oneperson to another. It was hoped at first actually that it just came fromanimals as all corona viruses do. But now it looks as though it is actuallypassed from one human being to another. So we’ve got people to peopletransmission, because the market has been closed for sometime, and there arecases in people who’ve never been near it.

  这种病毒是如何传染的?

  我们刚刚发现新型冠状病毒实际上是人传人。最初希望它实际上来自动物,就像所有冠状病毒那样。但是现在看来它是人传人。所以有人传人的感染,因为那家市场已关闭一段时间,而有些患者从未靠近过那里。

  What treatment isavailable?

  Sothere actually isn’t any treatment at the moment at all, because this is avirus. Antibiotics (抗生素) won’t work. They onlywork against bacteria not viruses. So really you want to know antiviraltreatment but none of the flu drugs that we got, and we have got a couple of thosewill work on this. A corona virus is differentfrom a flu virus, so there actually isn’t any treatment at the moment at all.

  有无现成治疗方法?

  实际上,目前没有任何治疗方法,因为这是病毒,抗生素无效,他们只对细菌有效,而不是病毒。所以要了解抗病毒治疗,但我们手头的流感药物,我们有的几种药物,没有一个对它起作用。冠状病毒不同于流感病毒,因此,目前没有任何治疗方法。

  How serious is thisoutbreak compared to others in the past?

  This oneis scary because it is a brand-new virus so we don’t know how it’s going tobehave. But I have to say, we perhaps ought to put it in the context of some ofthe other things. I went to Sierra Leone to cover the West Africa outbreak ofEbola (埃博拉)and that was killing more than half of all those people who were infected. SARSwhich was a novel corona virus just like this one back in 2002, did end upcausing a global panic.

  和过去相比,这次爆发有多严重?

  它很可怕,因为这是种全新的病毒,所以我们不知道它会如何变化。但是我得说,我们也许应和其他一些情况一起考虑。我去过西非塞拉利昂报道过埃博拉疫情,这种疾病使得一半的感染者死亡。2002年的SARS和这次一样,也是冠状病毒,最终导致全球恐慌。

  And thatwas largely because nobody had ever seen it before, but also the death rate wasat around 10%. And here so far we’re talking about a death rate of 2%, which isa lot less and it does look as if many of those people actually have hadunderlying health problems, which would make it more likely that they woulddie. They could equally have died of flu, so you have to put it into that context,I think.

  主要的原因是从未有人见过这种病毒,并且死亡率也在10%左右。到目前,新型冠状病毒的死亡率是2%,小的多,并且看起来死亡的人中许多实际上有其他健康基础病,这使他们更有可能死亡。他们同样可能死于流感,所以必须考虑这些情况。

  Part 3 "新型冠状病毒”高考热点词汇

  病名病毒类

  Epidemic:传染病;流行病

  Pneumonia:肺炎

  Pneumonia situation:肺炎疫情

  Novel coronavirus:新型冠状病毒

  词汇讲解:

  pneumonia 肺炎一词发音中,字母“p”不参与发音

  novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒,“novel”在这里不是“小说”的意思,而是“新奇的,异常的”。

  根据世界卫生组织的推特显示,“新型冠状病毒”也可表述为“new coronavirus”。

  病人病例类

  Coronavirus patients:冠状病毒病人

  Confirmed case:确诊病例

  Suspected case:疑似病例

  Close contacts:密切接触者

  Critical conditions:重症

  Mild case:轻症

  Elderly people:老年人

  Passengers with abnormal body temperature :体温异常旅客

  词汇讲解:

  confirmed case:确诊病例 suspectedcase:疑似病例

  两个表达中,均是动词+ed 的表达方式,此种词汇构型一般用以表示形容词词态或被动语态。

  close contacts:密切接触者一词中contact不作为动词,而是应用其名词含义,即接触者。

  相关措施类

  Temperature screening:体温筛查

  Vaccine:疫苗

  Body fluids:体液

  Quarantine:隔离;检疫

  Under medical observation:进行医学观察

  Already cured:治愈

  First-level emergency response:一级应急响应

  Top-level response:最高级别响应

  Major public health and security emergencies:重大突发公共卫生安全事件

  Be discharged:解除隔离

  Medical assistance :医疗援助

  Diagnose:诊断

  Disinfect:消毒

  Medical inspection:医学检查

  词汇讲解:

  quarantine 隔离;检疫 一词的发音较为拗口,但因该词属于防控措施中最重要环节之一,建议掌握其用法。

  例句:Passengers have to be quarantined for at least 14 days(乘客需至少被隔离14天).

  医疗耗材及医疗设施设备类

  Thermometer:体温计

  Stretcher:担架

  Mask:口罩;面罩

  Respirator:['resp?reit?] 呼吸机,防毒面具

  Wheelchair:轮椅

  Disinfector:消毒剂

  词汇讲解:

  mask:口罩的含义中,既有口罩和含义,也有面具的含义,一把医疗手术口罩会直接只用surgical mask。

  respirator 一词有的文章中指代的是防毒面具或特定类型的口罩

  疾病症状类

  Symptom:症状

  Be infected with:感染

  Susceptible:易感染的

  Chest tightness:胸闷

  Cough:咳嗽

  Dizziness:眩晕

  Thirst:口渴

  Nausea:[?n??zi?; ?n??si?] 恶心

  Ague:[?e?ɡju?] 发冷;寒颤

  Have difficulty in breathing:呼吸困难

  Cold:感冒

  Influenza:[??nflu?enz?] 流行感冒

  Diarrhea:[,da??'ri?] 腹泻

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