初中英语：疫情相关高频词汇及考点(3)

　　infection / ?n?fek?n /：n. 传染 由 infect + -ion (名词后缀)构成

　　pneumonia / nu?mo?n?? / n. 肺炎这个词，是由 pneumon- (肺)+ -ia (疾病名词后缀)构成

　　冠状病毒通常通过以下途径传播：

　　1. the air by coughing and sneezing

　　经由空气传播，比如咳嗽、打喷嚏

　　2. close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands

　　通过人与人之间的近距离接触传播，比如触摸或者握手

　　3. touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands

　　通过触摸物品或感染病毒的用品表面传播，原因在于没洗手就触摸嘴、鼻和眼睛

　　4. rarely, fecal contamination

　　还有一种比较少见的，就是通过粪便传染

　　考点2：如何预防冠状病毒

　　1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.用肥皂或者用含酒精的洗手液洗手。

　　2. Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow.咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用面巾纸或屈肘捂住口鼻。

　　3. Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.避免跟有感冒或流感症状的人密切接触。

　　4. Thoroughly cook meat and eggs.将肉类和鸡蛋彻底煮熟。

　　5. Avoid unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals. 避免在未加防护的情况下接触野生动物或家畜。

　　考点3：外媒报道

　　1. 什么是冠状病毒?

　　What is a coronavirus?Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (传播，动词) from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒的总称。

　　据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，科学家称之为“人畜共患疾病”，这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。

　　2. 冠状病毒症状

　　Coronavirus symptoms

　　The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract (上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia (肺炎) or bronchitis (支气管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly (致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

　　The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath (呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.

　　通常表现为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童，病毒有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。

　　有些冠状病毒是致命的，如中东呼吸综合征(MERS)和SARS。

　　目前认为，武汉冠状病毒相较SARS和MERS更为温和，潜伏时间更长。到目前为止，患者通常在一周内出现轻微咳嗽，随后出现呼吸急促症状。目前，大约15%到20%的病例病情出现恶化情况，需要入院并接受呼吸机治疗。

　　3. 传播途径

　　How it spreadsViruses can spread from human contact (接触) with animals.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission (传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飞沫) in a cough.Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could causeexposure (暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

　　病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。

　　病毒在人与人之间传播时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。

　　根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。

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