来源:网络资源 2023-09-23 22:56:23
1. 连词的功能
用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。
2. 并列连词
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
(1) 表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2) 表选择关系的or, either…or等。
(3) 表转折关系的but, while等。
(4) 表因果关系的for, so等。
3. 从属连词
从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有:
(1) 引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3) 引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4) 引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。
(5) 引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。
(6) 引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7) 引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8) 引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
4. 常用连词的用法辨析
(1)while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。
1) 当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如:
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
我沿着街道走时,注意到一辆警车。
2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如:
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
当母亲做午饭时,我正在做作业。
3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。例如:
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
随着孩子的长大,他们越来越多对周围的事情感兴趣。
4) 当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。例如:
She looked behind from time to time as she went.
她边走边不时地朝后面看。
5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如:
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
当他完成工作后,他进行了短暂的休息。
6) 当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。例如:
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
当约翰到达时,我正在做饭。
(2)as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别。
1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:
I stayed at home because it rained.
因为下雨,所以我呆在家里。
---Why aren’t you going?
为什么你不走?
---Because I don’t want to.
因为我不想去。
2) 如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
由于他没有准备,我们没有带他。
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
既然我没有钱,我不能卖任何食物。
3) for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如:
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
我决定停下来,吃午饭。因我感觉很饿。
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如:
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
我想知道你是否还在那所学校学习。
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
我不知道他是否喜欢这部电影。
在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:
1) 引导主语从句时。例如:
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
他是否来参加聚会还不知道。
2) 引导表语从句时。例如:
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
问题是我能否通过考试。
3) 在不定式前。例如:
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
我还没有决定是否去哪儿。
(4)so…that, such...that
1) so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such...that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
我很累,因此不想再走了。
It was such a hot day that he went swimming.
如此热的天气,以至于他去游泳。
2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时,用so,不用such。例如:
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
他受到得教育很少以致于他找不到工作。
(5)either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but also…
这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如:
Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor his children like fish.
不但他不喜欢而且他的孩子也不喜欢鱼。
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.
不但老师而且学生想买这本书。
(6)although, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.尽管他已是六十多岁,但他和其他工作一样努力。
(7)because, so
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 因为约翰病了,所以我带他看医生。
(8)till/until与not…till/until的区别
前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如:
I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.
我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来 (stay这个动作一直进行到你return)
They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.
他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的
另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till. 如:
Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.
我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟
Not until he had finished his work did he go home.
直到做完工作他才回家(倒装句)
(9)though与although的区别
两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though;though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。如:
He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.
尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试
she won’t leave the TV set, even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.
她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭
It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.
这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心
(10)prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别
prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如:
I prefer English to Japanese.
与日语相比我更喜欢英语
I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.
与日语相比我更喜欢学英语
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