中考英语二轮知识点名词讲解

中考英语二轮知识点名词讲解 1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如：Beijing,Tom,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城) 姓氏名如果采用 形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens(格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil,family,man,foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box,child,orange； ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,information. 3、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables. ②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches. [注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties. ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives 2、不规则变 化：man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice,a piece of paper→three pieces of paper,a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

4、名词所有格：

1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。 (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节),my sister’s book(我姐姐的书 (2)以s或es结尾的 名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如： today’s newspaper(今天的报纸),ten minutes’break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。 a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). 2、[注解]： ①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家),the doctor’s(诊所) ②两人共有某物时,可以采用A and B’s的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom ③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s,a friend of mine 5、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题： 1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：The computer was a great invention.The water in the glass is very cold. 2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school,audience等)做句子主语时, ①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class. 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China. 3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard./There are some sheep in the yard 4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. 5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them. 6、a lot of后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.A lot of time was wasted on that work.(被动句) 7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now./Fish and chips is very famous food. 8、there be句型中be的单复数由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room. 9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow. 10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. 11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right./Neither you nor I am going there. 12、表示一段时间或 概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离). 13、主语中含有half of…/(three quarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English/A third of the students were playing near the lake.但是,population一词又有特殊情况：What’s the population of China?/Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(句子用复数) 以上是2019 二轮 名词讲解内容，希望帮助大家，尽请关注 中考频道!
 

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